Conflict Management And Visionary Leadership - 971 Words

This paper will synthesize in groups, topics and subtopics of articles previously used in week four and five of this course. These articles are about conflict management styles in various organizations using Nigeria as a case study. The authors Kaban Conar (2012) wrote this article â€Å"Conflict Management and Visionary Leadership† to find efficient conflict measures to resolve conflict without harming institution targets and activities. Prause and Mujtab (2015) looked into the current â€Å"Current Management Practice in diverse workplace† with the purpose of finding best conflict management style. Rahim (2002) researched on â€Å"Toward a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict†. Alabi (2010) studied â€Å"Management of Conflicts and Crises in Nigeria: Education Planner’s View† while Akintayo (2012) researched on the â€Å"Influence of Management Style on Conflict Effectiveness in Work Organization South-Western Nigeria† with the purpo se of ascertaining the relative impact of managerial strategy on conflict resolution effectiveness towards ensuring sustainable organizational peace. However, each of the authors presents a conflict style to control crises in the organization. According to the authors there are many sources of organizational conflict in Nigeria; however this situation presents great challenges on CEOs’ on applicable measures on how to manage conflict. Most organizations in Nigeria have difficulties managing employee conflict and therefore the need to introduce variousShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Employee Relationship Management?1356 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferences within the work place. This paper will discuss the importance of employee relationship management by reviewing relevant literature and will highlight certain areas such as communications and leadership styles. This will help determine the best strategies to decrease the amount of turnovers in employment as well as retaining w orkers in a hospitality organisation. Employee relationship management is a term that covers a broad range of topics on the behaviour and interaction in the work placeRead MoreLeadership : Leadership And Leadership1605 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Examined There have been many great leaders down through history. Leaders that have influenced change throughout many aspects of society. Great leaders have great influence. The effectiveness of a leader is determined by his leadership style. With so many styles to choose from, and the fact that not one style fits all situations, becoming an effective leader is a challenging task. One reflective note is that it is important to cultivate good leadership skills. One must evaluate personalRead MoreTeaching A Strategic Plan For The Goals And Objectives872 Words   |  4 Pagesfail. Planning is very important in ensuring good planning. Through planning, managers can evaluate the future and make arrangements that is plan for the attainment of the organisational goals and objectives. Planning is regarded as the primary management function or first among equals because it initiates and provides the framework for the other functions. It also avoids errors, waste, or delays in executing organisationa l activities. It allows managers the ability to adjust their organisationsRead MoreTransformational Leadership : A Transformational Leader985 Words   |  4 PagesTransformational leadership. Burns (1978) is recognized as one of the earliest theorist on transformational leadership, who introduced transformational leadership over 30 years ago. Transformational leaders are perceived as leaders who uplift their employee morale, subsequently uplifting the entire organizational. Transformational leaders are known by their capacity to inspire followers to forgo self-interests in achieving superior results for the organization (Clawson, 2006). Avolio and YammarinoRead MoreSynthesis Essay - Abraham Lincoln. As A Leader, Do You1712 Words   |  7 Pagesleader, do you feel as though you could unite subordinates, units, organizations, or even a nation? Abraham Lincoln faced the task of reunifying a nation, even during a time of civil war. He was a visionary leader through the war as his ac tions advocated intellectual stimulation through change management leading to decisions that shaped innovative efforts within the United States Air Force (USAF) today. Additionally, Lincoln was an ethical leader, not for the actions that history books recognizeRead MoreSteve Jobs : A Visionary Leader1632 Words   |  7 Pageswant a pioneer or visionary to champion that endeavor and you probably are concerned about the ethical behavior of that pioneer. In the following paragraphs, I will demonstrate how Steve Jobs was a visionary leader. I will also prove Steve Jobs was an unethical leader. Lastly, I will give personal examples of how I have experienced the same leadership approaches and how I responded to them. Finally, I will summarize what I have learned. Visionary Leader Steve Jobs was a visionary leader becauseRead MoreLeadership Styles And Their Preferred Language Of Appreciation1017 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction A leader in Human Resources (HR) Management must be a professional, dedicated to self-awareness and stewardship of the HR profession. Management leadership is an ongoing responsibility and an art that develops over time. According to the late George Terry (1981), the primary task of a manger is to enable a working environment that will induce and maintain an enthusiastic desire to accomplish work among employees (p. 90). Leadership progresses with experience, observation, and interactionRead MoreThe Importance Of Managers Have Subordinates And Their Power Over Other Than Formal Authority Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesa misnomer and their power over others is other than formal authority. Authoritarian, transactional style Managers have a position of authority vested in them by the company, and their subordinates work for them and largely do as they are told. Management style is transactional, in that, the manager tells the subordinate what to do, and the subordinate does this not because they are a blind robot, but because they have been promised a reward for doing so. Work focus Managers are being paid to getRead MoreSteve Jobs Leadership Style Before Reading The Article1292 Words   |  6 PagesHow would I have described Steve Jobs’ Leadership style before reading the article? I have to say that I did not know much about Steve Jobs before I read the article; however, I do know that when he had an idea he took it and he developed it to its full potential. He s been hailed as a genius and the greatest CEO of his generation. I have heard that he was a high-maintenance supervisor who demanded excellence from his staff and was known for his blunt delivery of criticism. He was a very talentedRead MoreThe Functions Of A Manager1689 Words   |  7 Pagesneeds for the Operating Room (Liebler McConnell, 2008, p. 52-56). The Operating Room also has its primary leaders, which include the Assistant Nurse Manager, Nurse Manager and the Perioperative Director. These positions are leadership positions rather than management positions. Therefore, at this level leaders should be focused on long-term improvements in the Operating Room as well as focused on more than just the status quo. Leaders are required to look at the big picture such cost control

Movie Analysis The Movie The Film - 2766 Words

When deconstructing the aspects that render someone a human being, a logical conclusion that one would arrive to is the concept of love. The film Her is a vivid portrayal of the possible intimate relationship between humans and machines because it evaluates the idea of love and the emotions associated with it as being not just exclusive to humans but is really an intangible, and universal force between two parties. A depiction of a man’s relationship with an artificially intelligent being, on the surface, is a problematic emblem stemming from misconceptions and cultural taboos, but at its fundamental core, the phases of the relationship are no different than what is normally experienced between two humans. From the idyllic beginning, to the maturation of the connection between Theodore and his Operating System (OS) Samantha through intense passion and the coming to terms with each other’s flaws, to the bittersweet end when two individuals eventually grow apart, the fil m Her gives an honest portrayal of love between two beings as representative of the larger more intimate impact that technology will play in the future. The origins of the the relationship between the main character Theodore and his OS Samantha was very organic and shed light on the forces that will eventually unite man and machine. For years after his divorce, he was alone and depressed. It manifested in his inability to sleep at night. One night in particular, he connected with a woman over a dating serviceShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : Movie Of A Film 2032 Words   |  9 Pagesthe auteur category of films, we went from films having a clear plot, ending, and meaning, to films having endings, plots, and meanings the audience had to actually sit and think about to find to find out what exactly the director was trying to portray. This is caused by directors that are considered auteurs. These directors wanted their viewers to be able to come up with their own meaning instead of j ust giving it to them. They want the audience to think as they watch the movie, instead of sittingRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie The Film 2659 Words   |  11 Pagesa decade old. All the youngsters in these educational doldrums had fluffy feathered mullets and strong cockney accents, film locations were churlish high-rise council blocks that surmounted concrete doom in its infrastructure. And a cast of dreadful actors so utterly depressing to look at you had to wonder where their future in acting ended up. We had to view these insipid films on a geriatric Sony trinitron, snuggled in a cardigan of wood, volume exceedingly loud you could hear a margin of whiteRead MoreMovie Analysis : Film Analysis Of The Movie The Help796 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Help† Analysis Paper During the 1960’s , americans underwent an era of critical issues in the United States. Throughout this time, the United States was in a stage of racial issues where racism was still openly accepted of society. The struggle by African-Americans to achieve rights equal to those that white people received was also known as the Civil Rights Movement. That included having an opportunity in employment, voting rights, having access to public facilities, education andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Film 1099 Words   |  5 Pagesother videos because it discussed different qualities the city has. I believe that Third Ward is a city where many of its residents are over looked by people in the city next to it, Houston. This video was produced by Andrew Garrison in 2007. In the film the director does an amazing job of highlighting the main problems of Third Ward TX. He also does a good job of highlighting the good things about it. They show the poor part of Texas where the y have taken the old houses and renovated them. They madeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Film 1715 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Hughes Romero (the movie) is a biopic movie released in 1989 American biopic which depicts the life and death of the Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero, who led peaceful protests against a violent military regime and made sure the people knew the truth, even though this ended up costing him his life. He is portrayed in the movie by Raul Julia. Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdà ¡mez was born in 1917 and died March 24 1980. Romero was a high ranking member of the Catholic Church, who served asRead MoreMovie Analysis : Film 1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe film I chose to analyze is Need for Speed. This film portrays two different characters who play on opposite sides of morality. One, Dino, is a character who is selfish, lack morals, and is an a-typical jerk. He does not accept consequences, and puts his own needs and wants above anyone else, no matter the ramifications. The other is the character of Toby who is a direct contrast. While Toby may be spurred by justice throughout the film, he is consistently focused his morals, who constantly isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Film 862 Words   |  4 Pagesnot planning on reviewing this before it aired, but after screening it, I was so utterly impressed with this movie--seriously, it is one of the best Hallmark films I have seen in a long time. And I don t say that glibly b y any means. I know I am known for my positive reviews, but this one goes far beyond that. I never once had to remind myself to concentrate on the positive aspects of the film. The acting, the story, and the message were one of the finest Hallmark has featured in some time. Not toRead MoreMovie Analysis : Film And Film1109 Words   |  5 PagesEver since I could remember, I have been interesting in films and film memorabilia. It didn’t even have to be like legit props that were used on set of the films either, tie in products tickled my itch also. I vividly remember in 2007, having my mom drive me an hour away just so that I could get my hands on a box of Krusty-O’s that were a 7-11 exclusive cereal to promote The Simpsons Movie. I still have the box sitting on my shelf of important trinkets in my room, next to my Burger King exclusiveRead MoreFilm Analysis : Movie Of A Film 1233 Words   |  5 PagesFor anyone who has ever watched a film is a critic in some form. They judge various aspects based on personal feelings or attitudes, then state them for anybody to hear. I, the writer, am guilty of this type of film analysis. I based my ‘review’ of a film solely on how I felt the narrative evolved or how well the acting was done. I never considered why the rhetor of film choose certain details or what might have influenced the rhetor in the first place. However, through this course I was exposedRead MoreFilm Analysis Of 300 Movie1428 Words   |  6 PagesRichardson History 101 26 September 2017 300 Film Analysis The 300 is a spectacular movie designed to provide the viewer with a sense of excitement and anticipation. The movie is loosely based on past events with Sparta and their conflict with Persia, back in 480 BC. And while the movie is founded on a historical event, there are many historical inaccuracies throughout the film. These inaccuracies are created to add depth and new excitement to the movie, but also gives the viewer a false understanding

Forces In Connection To Home Entertainment â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Forces In Connection To Home Entertainment? Answer: Introducation The first and foremost aspect of the Porters Five Forces is the threat of new entrants to the market in consideration. In this case, the market is that of home entertainment and it can be said that there are possibilities of other better options entering the entertainment market which have chances of being more suited to the needs of many customers. The online sites as well as the newer entertainment apps also provide a range of shows which appeal to viewers of different age groups. The newer and better technologies may prove to be competitors of the existent home entertainment marketing if more lucrative deals are associated with them. Strong brand names have a potential to challenge the smart television options. The options of cheaper but better alternatives are bound to be more lucrative to the people. The degree of rivalry can be said to be moderate (E. Dobbs 2014). The next aspect is that of the threat of substitutes or copies of the products as well as services provided. In this case, the smart televisions can easily face competition from substitutes due to the fact that there are several options for viewing content or shows that appeal to all age groups (Grimm 2017). The next is the knowledge and the bargaining power of the customers. It can be stated that in this case the bargaining power of the customers is quite high because, the advent of technology has led to the high levels of awareness related to the smart television and newer aspects of home entertainment. The fourth factor is the knowledge and the bargaining power of the suppliers. The suppliers can put forward several points regarding the channels provided, the airtime supply, the glitches in the channel broadcast and so on. The bargaining power in case of the suppliers is relatively high. The final factor is the rivalry among the existing business. This is also high because television is one of the highest contributors to home entertainment and is bound to face several challenges from probable competitors. This is relatively low as there are few competitors of the TV market and the government has also limited chances of possible competition (BetaNews 2017). Strategic advantage according to Michael Porter is the adoption of a low cost strategy where the services are provided that are similar or superior to their competitors but the costs are lower in comparison to them. In case of the home entertainment in connection to smart televisions, it can be said that the services provided should be lucrative and beneficial in order to appeal to the customers and it becomes difficult to substitute them (Lee, Kim and Park 2012). The channels, subscription costs, the viewership rights should be the lowest in comparison to the competitors. This should be done to ensure that no other competitor is able to overtake the existing market dominance. References: BetaNews. (2017).Smart TVs pose huge security accounting. [online] Available at: https://betanews.com/2016/01/20/smart-tvs-pose-huge-security-risks/ [Accessed 11 Sep. 2017]. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Grimm, N. (2017).Samsung smart TV raises privacy issues. [online] ABC Radio. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-10/samsung-smart-tv-raises-privacy-issues/6083058 [Accessed 11 Sep. 2017]. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. and Park, Y., 2012. An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model.Applied Mathematical management,36(4), pp.1783-1795.

The Evolution of Birds Essay Example

The Evolution of Birds Paper All animals need to be adapted for travel in their environment [L]and animals need bones strong enough to lift their body off the ground as they move. Birds have to overcome gravity altogether to fly, and their adaptations emphasize strength and lightness. Their bones are hollow, but strong enough to support the muscles attached to them. The Kingfisher Book of Evolution (Weber 29) Introduction Today, there are nearly 10,000 species of birds occurring in every imaginable colors and bearing spectacular array of patterns. All modern birds are the descendents of prehistoric dinosaurs. Scientists have uncovered several fossils of the missing link between theropods (meat-eating dinosaurs) and birds. It is clear that many characteristics that distinguish reptiles from birds did not change all at once. There had been a long period in which the evolution specimens could not be called either reptile or bird. A line cannot be drawn from where one can say up to this point every generation is reptilian and all subsequent generations are birds. Birds originally evolved from a bird-like reptile, such as Sionsauropteryx prima, into a wide range of reptile-like birds. Though many of these early birds walked on the grounds and were quite heavy, there were some which flew. Archaeopteryx skeletons found about 150 years ago confirmed that birds arose from flying reptiles rather than from flying fish or flying mammals (Paul 17). As a consequence of evolution, the birds of today bear little resemblance to their archaeopteryx-like ancestors which flew on earth around 140 million years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Birds specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Birds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Birds specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A bird is the only type of creature that has feathers. These feathers — along with lightweight, air-filled bones acquired through evolution — allow most birds to fly. Feathers are in fact highly evolved scales, like those found on reptiles such as snakes and lizards. The remnants of their reptilian ancestry can also be seen on most birds scaly legs and feet. The nineteenth century discovery of a transitional form called archaeopteryx that looked like a flying lizard with feathers was the turning point in the study of bird evolution. Archaeopteryx existed about 140 million years ago and had skeletal characteristics identical to those of small dinosaurs that lived during that same time. Archaeopteryx has become one of the world’s most famous fossils. Soon after its discovery in 1861, the fossil of Archaeopteryx lithographica was recognized as one of the most significant in the history of paleontology, for it showed numerous characteristics which linked birds with their reptilian ancestors. It was only the size of a small crow. Only six fossil specimens have been found in all — from Solnhofen in southern Germany. This creature also had a toothed jaw and feathers that allowed it to glide from place to place, although its main mode of transport must have been clambering through branches. Its discovery in 1861, just two years after publication of Charles Darwins On the Origin of Species (1859) seemed an unparalleled act of cosmic good will toward science, for by fulfilling the Darwinian expectation that such intermediate forms existed, this one fossil had a profound influence on the ultimate acceptance of the concept of evolution through natural selection. The Origin and Evolution of Birds (Feduccia 1) The whole skeleton of the archaeopteryx is essentially like that of small dinosaur. The jaws are not modified into a beak as in modern birds, but are bony and carry numerous undifferentiated teeth. There is no fusion of vertebrae or reduction of the tail which consists of a series of tapering vertebral elements. The breastbone (sternum) carries no keel (a narrow forward-pointing flap) for the attachment of the huge breast muscles necessary for powered flight. Still it is considered a bird because around the bones of forelimbs and tail are the clear impressions of feathers which are structurally identical to those of modern birds, and feathers are unique to birds. Indeed it is the possession of feathers which defines birds as a class, so that any organism bearing feathers is by definition a bird. About a decade after the discovery of Archaeopteryx, two very different species of toothed birds were discovered in deposits from the Cretaceous period in the western United States. One was name Hesperornis, and the other Ichthyornis (fish bird). The primitive birds found in Europe and America provided the first good evidence for the intermediates between major vertebrate groups that the theory of evolution requires. However, until the recent years, the fossil record from the Mesozoic era (Triassic/Jurassic/Cretaceous) had not been very much to go by. The discovery of archaeopteryx, hesperornis and ichthyornis did not effectively resolve many questions regarding the origins of bird evolution. Only more recent discoveries of some Jurassic and Cretaceous fossils in China have provided strong evidence that birds evolved from a group of dinosaurs known as maniraptorian theropods.

Brian Mulroney And The Free Trade Agreement free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper To many Canadians, Brian Mulroney seems an unfastened book: a politician of the old school who owes his victory more to the resistance # 8217 ; s failing than to his ain intrinsic strength. But behind the # 8220 ; stick outing jaw, the smiling that seems a small excessively smug, and the disingenuous rhetoric is a adult male of magnetizing personal appeal, amazing political craft, and overreaching ambition. # 8221 ; Although there were many factors why Brian Mulroney was elected as premier curate in 1988, the two major issues that were an advantage for him were: his image in the public # 8217 ; s oculus and the 1988 Free Trade Agreement with the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Brian Mulroney And The Free Trade Agreement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Canada # 8217 ; s ability to vie on a universe market was of primary importance to Brian Mulroney, one that he felt had been eroded by old ages of Liberal societal disbursement. Canadian economic success could merely be secured by entree to foreign markets ; this Mulroney achieved through the 1988 Free Trade Agreement with the United States. Martin Brian Mulroney was born in Baie-Comeau, Quebec in 1939, the boy of an electrician. At 14, the immature Mulroney went to St. Thomas, a Catholic high school in Chatham, New Brunswick. In 1955, he attended St. Frands Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, analyzing humanistic disciplines and commercialism before majoring in political scientific discipline. After graduating with honours in 1959, Mulroney started analyzing jurisprudence at Dalhousie University in Halifax, so transferred to Laval University in Quebec City, a twelvemonth subsequently. In 1964, he was offered a place with the esteemed jurisprudence house of Howard, Cate, Ogilvy et Al, and moved to Montreal to work with them. One of his first challenges as a attorney was working on Laurent Picard # 8217 ; s Commission of Inquiry on the St. Lawrence Ports, where he gained experience as a negotiant in labour dealingss. Mulroney first came into prominence as a attorney when he was a commissioner in the Cliche Commission of Inquiry into the Quebec building industry, set up by Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa in 1974. The committee uncovered unprecedented corruptness and force in the building industry. As a consequence of this high-profile study, Mulroney became well-known in Quebec. He had been involved in political relations since his university yearss, when he joined the Conservative party and campaigned for the Nova Scotia Tories in 1956. Mulroney besides participated in campus political relations and served as premier curate of St. Francis Xavier # 8217 ; s model parliament. While at Laval, he was elected Vice-President of the Conservative Students # 8217 ; Federation and by 1961 he was a pupil adviser to Diefenbaker. As a attorney in Montreal, he continued working for the Conservatives behind the scenes, bring forthing booklets, raising money and seeking out campaigners. In 1976, Mulroney ran for federal leading of the Conservative party, but lost to Joe Clark on the 3rd ballot. Although he was good known in Quebec as a consequence of the Cliche Commission, he was non every bit good known to the party outside the state. Furthermore, # 8220 ; the fact that he had neer been elected to Parliament was seen by many as a handicap. # 8221 ; After the convention, Mulroney accepted an offer of Executive Vice-president of the Iron Ore Company of Canada and was appointed President the undermentioned twelvemonth. In 1983, he once more ran for Conservative leading. He was the lone # 8220 ; bilingual Quebec campaigner, and as such, his ability to appeal to Tories across the state # 8221 ; was considered a great advantage. Mulroney won the leading and gained his first place in the House of Commons through a bye-election in the equitation of Central Nova. In the election the undermentioned twelvemonth, Mulroney led the Conservatives to the greatest bulk in Canadian history, winning 211 seats in the House of Commons. Brian Mulroney was besides a party animate being, holding # 8220 ; attended his first Personal computer convention in 1956 as vice- president of Youth for Diefenbaker. # 8221 ; He learned his Gallic easy, turning up bilingual in the company mush town of Baie-Comeau. Mulroney thrived on campus Tory political relations and networking. # 8220 ; Unlike Clark, Mulroney finished his jurisprudence grade and began doing a name for himself rehearsing in Montreal. # 8221 ; Take Mulroney as leader and you took a adult male who had shown that it was possible to win in life-to rise from the working category of a frontier town right to the top, and be bilingual and a good party adult male to boot, and have a bea utiful married woman and no evident bad wonts. No 1 of all time found a smoke gun or a bloody knife in Mulroney’s custodies. Mulroney was besides known as a â€Å"patroneux, who would present on the judicatures and senatorships and directorships the Liberals had monopolized for 20 years.† Everyone knew that Mulroney was a people individual, a networker, instead than an thought adult male or a policy adult male. His critics said he was every bit shallow as a â€Å"bird bath and ever had been, a just ringer of Sam Malone, the Irish barman on the popular telecasting series â€Å"Cheers.† † But many who got their boots out of being delegates at leading conventions were besides fans of situation comedies and soaps. Mulroney was evidently non simple, and he had moved sanely and fashionably with the rational tides-presenting himself as a moderate imperfect in 1976, a more competitive, market- oriented, business-friendly campaigner in 1983. Furthermore, Brian Mulroney # 8217 ; s determination in subscribing the 1988 Free Trade Agreement with the United States had made a large difference for Brian Mulroney, as a president, and Canada as a state. For Canadians, free trade was much more than a trade understanding with the United States. It was a major political event in Canada, affecting the determination to seek free trade, the dialogue of the understanding, the conflict of the two nationalist visions, and the 1988 election. It can besides function as an industrial policy to convey about restructing and accommodations in the economic system. # 8220 ; And it was chiefly as an industrial poicy, slackly defined, that free trade was advocated as the chief long-run solution to Canada # 8217 ; s economic jobs by the Macdonald Royal Commission. # 8221 ; Harmonizing to the committee # 8217 ; s analysis, the beginning of Canada # 8217 ; s economic jobs could be found in fabrication sector that produces at excessively high a cost for excessively little a market. Free trade would at one time expand the market and take the protective barriers that insulate inefficient houses from competition. The important partizan advantages that free trade offered the Conservative authorities besides made the option of # 8220 ; comprehensive dialogues attractive. # 8221 ; Mulroney was determined to offer a clear option to the centralizing, interventionist policies of the Trudeau Liberals and to construct a permanent power base for his party. A policy that was market oriented and had wide entreaty in Western Canada and Quebec served both terminals. The summer of 1985 besides saw Mulroney and his curates under fire for a deficiency of clear way and intent. Free trade offered the # 8220 ; chance of immediate partizan advantage to a authorities in hunt of a major policy on which to put sail. # 8221 ; For all these grounds, free trade looked like a policy whose clip had finallly arrived. # 8220 ; Throughout our history, trade has been critical to Canada # 8217 ; s support. Now, about one tierce of what we produce is exported. Few states in the universe are so dependent on trade. This tendency finally threatens the occupations of many Canadians and the life criterions of the state as a whole. We must face this menace. We must change by reversal this tendency. To make so, we need a better, a fairer, and a more predictable trade relationship with the United States. At interest are more than two million occupations which depend straight on Canadian entree to the U.S. market. # 8221 ; History, no uncertainty, will properly recognition Brian Mulroney and the authorities he led but it is safe to state that from 1984 to 1993 Brian Mulroney and his authorities brought about a major revolution in Canadian political relations and basically changed the manner the authorities operates. This included # 8220 ; change by reversaling unbridled authorities growing with a steady plan of budget cuts and freezings, onslaughts on rising prices, the free-trade pact with the U.S. followed by NAFTA, all-out revenue enhancement reform including fring the state of the occupation enfeebling Manufacturer Gross saless Tax by replacing it with the G.S.T. , and, constitutionally with the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Agreements. # 8221 ; Both were historic achievements taging the first and lone clip since 1867 that unanimity among First Ministers was achieved in Canada # 8211 ; and in the instance of Charlottetown this unanimity extended to the territorial authoritiess and four major Aboriginal associations. Both understandings were brave efforts to further Canadian integrity and we should be proud of the PC Party for the leading and bravery they have demonstrated on this forepart.

Female Participation in STEM Based The WritePass Journal

Female Participation in STEM Based Introduction Female Participation in STEM Based IntroductionCurrent TrendReasons for Current TrendConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Never has there been an issue regarding the academic potential of women, however, their participation in STEM based subject post Key Stage 4 has always been a problem resulting in extensive research. There are many reasons for this trend in participation, such as those that are discussed by Hill, Corbett St. Rose (2010), that all provide some contribution to the reasoning. The ones which are deemed the most prominent, and have the biggest effect are discussed as well as the history behind how they came forward. Although the topic area has been heavily researched, there is not as much conflict as might have been expected. Differences seem to occur in the eye of the beholder and an individual’s take on the situation. Since the issue of female participation has been present since at least the 1960’s, where feminism was largely an issue through to the mid 1980’s, there has been a number of initiatives set up to counter this. An early journal such as that of Timperley, S.R. Gregory, A. (1971), suggests and shows gender differences but fails to take this any further. They relate a lack of science teachers, and excess of female Arts and Language teachers to simply just give some cause for concern. However with recent research such as that done by Beaton, A. et al (2007) regarding the effects of stereotype threat, can potentially be linked to the classical stereotype of a Math or Science created that has been created historically. The initiatives that have been set up are pushing to try and get more numbers into further education of STEM based subjects. All age bands are being targeted, from KS1 up to KS4 and beyond, in an attempt to broaden female participation and create role models for women. One such initiative is Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (WiSET), who work with women of all ages and backgrounds and at all levels of STEM. Details can be found at the WiSET website at wiset.org.uk/index.php. Whether these initiatives are producing a change in current trends of participation levels is something that can be debated. Perhaps the most comprehensive argument for this is too look at virtually raw data that can be obtained from the Joint Council for Qualifications and analyzing the trend female participants in STEM based subjects over a period of years. This is an area that can also give an insight toward the future of women in STEM, and suggest how things need to change if at all. Current Trend The first part in assessing female participation is to find out a where we are now, and where we have come from. By doing this it enables you figure a correlation to see whether female participation is declining or whether it is growing. According to Results from the Joint Council for Qualification (2009), there were 29,420 female entries to the A-Level Mathematics examinations in June. Considering that there were just over 40,000 male entries, there is still quite a gap between them. When considering the case of Physics, what is considered a traditionally male domain as suggested by Arnot, M., David, M., Weiner, G. (1999), the gap is considerably larger. A mere 6538 females were entered for the examinations, 16,300 less than their male counterparts. Despite the difference, a sheer lack of females studying Physics post KS4 causes considerable alarm. For Chemistry, the numbers are relatively equal and there are actually significantly more females than males in Biology (8000). There are over 3000 more males than females in Technology subjects. Moving on from where we are now, it is clear to see that the big differences lie in what are deemed as the more Mathematical fields. To see whether this has been the trend over the last few years and also to assess whether a change is being brought about, we look at Appendix 1. This is a collection of data taken from the JCQ from the last 10 years. The chosen data is taken from 5 STEM based subjects from A levels (not including AS level), Further Math’s was not included. Appendix 1 shows that more girls are gradually taking up technology subject and the difference is becoming less. The difference in Mathematics decreased to a low point of 12,000, but has since increased slightly. This is still 4000 less than 10 years ago. This may seem misleading however as in comparison over the 10 years, there amount of girls entering Math’s is increasing up to a recent high of 29,000. Physics still seems a cause for concern as the number of girls participating seems to have plateau a nd is stuck around the 6,000 mark. Similarly with Chemistry and Biology, the number of female entrants seems to be consisting, and it is actually male entrants that are on the increase. In terms of results, the situation is quite different. Appendix 2 shows that on the whole, girl’s results are slightly better than their opposite sex. Arguably this could be related to the lesser numbers (particularly in Physics and Math’s). This is something that is discussed in the next part. Reasons for Current Trend Many researchers have come up with their theories as to why there has been such a slow uptake of women in STEM subjects. A large number of these relate to three main points, these being Stereotyping, Self-Assessment and Beliefs about Intelligence. Research by Campbell, P. B. and Storo. J. N (1994), on the common myth that girls are not as good at math than boys, shows evidence that there is almost a complete overlap on average results of girls as there is with boys. This is backed up by more recent results that are shown in Appendix 2. However, this myth seems to be a hard one to shake. The work of Dweck. C (2007), in her research on the apparent differences that a growth and a fixed mindset can have on both participation levels and results, shows evidence that females with a fixed mindset are likely to believe that this math is an inherent ability, and if they are not good at it from the outset, then this is unlikely to change. According to Dweck’s work, females with a growth mindset believe that with hard work and effort, they can become better through challenging themselves to be better. Therefore, with a growth mindset, historical myths can be overcome and females can prevent being influenced by these myths and ster eotypes. The issue therefore becomes as to whether women in science are in an environment promoting a growth mindset at an early enough age, if at all. In Dweck’s continued research, she found that in a classroom, or indeed a lecture theatre, where negative messages are sent out, those with a fixed mindset can quite quickly lose interest. Similarly in a classroom where the work is challenging, females who believe that intellectual-ability is a gift, suffer in grades. Work by Grant and Dweck (2003) shows this in their study of a first semester of a pre-med chemistry course. Interestingly, this study shows that for the females who believed their intellectual ability could be developed, actually outperformed their opposite sex. Mueller and Dweck (1998) showed that the solution is not quite as simple. It is easy to think that sending out positive messages and praising when work is done well, especially when facing a challenge will boost confidence and make them think they have ‘high ability’. However this is not the case. All this creates an individual (female in this case), that believes their ability to be a gift, and makes them unwilling to tackle challenges that pose a risk of failure. As a result there is likely to be a loss in confidence and a loss of interest in pursuing the subject. Therefore, if this is not the answer, then even further studies by Good, Aronson and Inzlicht (2003) show that in a test case study where a group of females were taught whereby it was expressed that (in this case) Math ability can be developed, when compared to a control group they outperformed them in results. Stereotypes in STEM are another cause for concern. Negative stereotypes affect a women’s belief in their intelligence, and makes them more conscious about how they are perceived by others. Farenga and Joyce (1999) show in the work that as early as primary school, students are exposed to these stereotypes and are already being influenced for their academic choices later in life. The effect if stereotype threat has been found by Nguyen and Ryan (2008) amongst others, to have a negative effect on girl’s aspirations and performance in STEM. Their research shows that even those women that believe themselves to be good in STEM can be affected by stereotypical views. Joshua Aronson has contributed many items of research into the field of stereotyping. In particular, his combined work with Good and Harder (2008), provide conclusive evidence that the effects of stereotype threat aren’t limited to those at the lower end of the ability, but also affects those at the top of end of the ability distribution. The common stereotype of a scientist, that the majority of students would draw, would be a white male man in a lab coat. The key word here is male. There is an interesting article on this and other myths regarding women in STEM by Live Science (2007) livescience.com/health/070827_girls_math.html, highlights this and notes how any female drawing of a scientist portray the scientist as very severe and unhappy. It is found that the persistence of these stereotypes are in fact turning girls off STEM, and by the time students are 14 years of age, there are twice as many boys that like STEM than girls. Another reason for the gender difference that has led to invested interest is the idea of Self-Assessment. By this, there is the idea that the difference seems worse simply because males believe they are better at STEM subjects and are therefore more likely to continue education. Sociologist Shelley Correll’s research shows how female careers in STEM are influenced by the belief that Science and Math’s are male domains. Correll (2001) looks at how cultural beliefs about gender bias individual opinions of their abilities in STEM. The study finds that males assess their ability to be generally higher than that of women. It also goes on to show that the higher the perceived ability an individual has of themselves, there is an increased likelihood of them persisting in STEM subjects and careers. The further work of Ridgeway and Correll in 2004 continues with the idea of Math’s and Science being a historically male domain. The study shows that the belief of STEM being a male dominated domain contributes to men’s higher self assessment of themselves. On the positive side, the research also shows that it is possible to change this trend.   This can be done by altering their historical beliefs, and creating an environment promoting women in STEM. Conclusion Evidence clearly shows that there is a gender difference in STEM, but it does show that the trend of this is changing. From as early as post World War it has been noted that STEM fields are typically male dominated and it is questionable as to whether this will ever change. Inroads are being made to close the gap between men and women and the in-depth research, of which only a selection I have discussed, is giving good direction and analysis to try and make the change. The underlying theme of the research points towards historical views of women in STEM and also women teachers. It seems that women are brought up with this view of STEM being a male domain, and seem to just settle. It has been shown is some of the papers mentioned earlier that at a young age roughly equal amounts of girls and boys enjoy STEM subjects. This begs for the conclusion that the lack of women continuing STEM must be related to nurture and the beliefs that are portrayed to them. If this is the case then surely by creating an environment promoting girls in STEM from an early enough age, or even later on, the gender gap can be decreased.   At a young age women (and men), look for role models and can be heavily influenced by stereotypes. If the traditional stereotype of a scientist is of a male, then women are unlikely to follow this. Stereotyping, Self Assessment and Beliefs about intelligence prove to arguably be the most common reasons for the trend. Research papers on all three of these areas show strong links and common themes between them. Such as the face that girls are exposed to historical views at an early age which then stays with through to later on in their educational careers, influencing their choices. As a result of all the investigations into gender differences, there is a clear direction to go to bring about change. There are initiatives out there such as the previously mentioned Women in Science Engineering and Technology. Initiatives like this are going to great lengths to create role models in Science, and create partnerships with large organizations committed to ‘Promoting change†¦. Broadening horizons’, as the WiSET slogan says. References    Arnot, M., David, M., Weiner, G. 1999. Closing the Gender Gap: Postwar Education and Social Change. Polity Press: Cambridge Beaton, A., Tougas, F., Rinfret, N., Huard, N. and Delisle, M.N. 2007. Strength in Numbers? Women and Mathematics. European Journal of Psychology of Education. 22, pp 290-310. Campbell, P. B. and Storo. J. N. 1994. Girls are Boys are†¦: Myths, Stereotypes and Gender Differences. Office of Educational Research and Improvement: US Correl, S. J. 2001. Gender and the Career Choice Process: The Role of Biased Self-Assessment. American Journal of Sociology. 106:6, pp 730-1691 Dweck. C. S. 2007. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Ballantine Books: US Farenga, S. J. and Joyce, B. A. 1999. Intentions of young students to enroll in science courses in the future: An examination of gender differences. Journal of Science Education. 85, pp 55-75. Good, C., Aronson, J. and Harder, J. A. 2008. Problems in the pipeline: Stereotype threat and women’s achievement in high-level math courses. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 29, pp 17-28. Good, C., Aronson, J. and Inzlicht, M. 2003. Improving adolescents’ standardized test performance: An intervention to reduce the effects of stereotype threat. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 24, pp 625-662 Grant, H. and Dweck, C. S. 2003. Clarifying achievement goals and their impact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 85, pp 541-553. Hill, C., Corbett, C. and St. Rose, A. 2010. Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. AAUW: Washington, DC Joint Council for Qualifications. (2000-2009). Provisional GCE A-Level Results (All UK Candidates). Accessed 18/04/2010. jcq.org.uk/national_results/alevels/ Mueller, C. M. and Dweck, C. S. 1998. Intelligence praise can undermine motivation and performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 75, pp 33-52 Nguyen, HH. D and Ryan, A. M. 2008. Does stereotype threat affect test performance of minorities and women? A meta-analysis of experimental evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology. 93, pp 1314-1334. Ridgeway, C. L. and Correll S. J. 2004. Unpacking the Gender System: A Theoretical Perspective on Gender Beliefs and Social Relations. Gender and Society. 18:4, pp 510-531 Timperley, S.R. and Gregory, A. 1971. Some factors affecting the career choice and career perceptions of sixth form school leavers. Sociological Review. 19, pp 96-114. Top 5 Myths About Girls, Maths and Science, LiveScience. 2007. Live Science Staff, US. Accessed 23/04/2010. livescience.com/health/070827_girls_math.html. Women in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2008. Centre for Science Education, Sheffield. Accessed 19/04/2010. wiset.org.uk/index.php

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Strategic Management - Essay Example The essay "Strategic Management" describes the strategy actions for satisfying the customers, responding to the constantly changing industry and varying market conditions, or managing each functional piece of business or making the business grow in terms of company size and sales revenues. The strategy of the business has to answer the following questions: where we are now, where we will be in the future, and how will get there. The five strategic management tasks are: develop strategic vision and mission; setting objectives; crafting the strategy; implementing and executing the strategy; evaluating and correcting. It is general knowledge that developing the vision and mission of the business is the first step in strategic management tasks. After coming up with the vision and mission, the next step is to set up the company objectives to be accomplished. The objectives could be to have a bigger market share in its specialty product line or service. Another major objective that the company can come up with is to generate bigger sales and lesser costs and expenses for the near and far away future. Another objective is to open up one hundred branches every year around the world. Another objective is to satisfy customer needs and get new customers. Again, another obvious objective is the enter the territorial waters of the competition and â€Å"beat† them in their own game of marketing by offering better products and prompt services. The third task of strategic management is crafting the strategy. This is the how of management.